Ukraine: Foreign Intervention, Copious Propaganda, Lies and the Rise of Neo-Nazis

(This term paper, for the University of California, sought to set the record straight on the 2014 destabilization and coup d’etat in Kyiv. The professor of the required political science class had infused his lectures with mindless pro-US propaganda for the entire semester. My intent was to school him, so that he would stop propagandizing the impressionable young students. Eighty-six footnotes, he had to give it an A.)

With current German best seller “Gekaufte Journalisten” (“Bought Journalism”) telling the true story of Udo Olfkotte being paid by the CIA for twenty-five years in order to spin the news in favor of US/NATO interests,1 the plummeting public confidence in corporate mainstream news is more than warranted.2 Of course Operation Mockingbird,3 a CIA scheme to influence and pay US journalists in the same manner,4 has long been exposed and yet is seldom discussed on public airwaves. A German TV sketch comedy troupe, Die Anstalt, satirized the glaring journalistic malfeasance in the media’s interpretation of the 2014 Ukraine conflict, to raucous applause.5 Closer to home, CBS reporter Sharyl Attkisson revealed the white house’s manipulation of and collusion with domestic mass media, when she was screamed at by an Obama spokesman, “The Washington Post is reasonable, the LA Times is reasonable, The New York Times is reasonable. You’re the only one who’s not reasonable!”6

This paper will argue that Western propaganda, in coordination with the U.S. State Department and the new Kyiv junta, has repeatedly and deceptively mischaracterized the complex events in Ukraine this past year and continues to recklessly instigate a dangerous conflict between nuclear armed Russia and NATO/United States.

It is impossible to assess the media reports concerning Ukraine without a comprehensive understanding of the events on the ground over this past year. Of particular significance is the question: who is attacking whom? The main meme that has been bulldozed by Western corporate news services appears to be that Russia has allegedly “invaded” the Ukraine in some sort of resurgent Soviet “empire”7 experiment. This is glaringly a case of the cart before the horse, framing the debate in terms of Vladimir Putin’s alleged intentions in nearly every major US news source. Ilya Somin writes in The Washington Post, “Russia already invaded Ukraine in a much more blatant and obvious way months ago when it occupied and annexed Crimea.”8

This is utter nonsense on its face. The Russian naval base at Sevastopol was always present, and so Russian forces did not “invade” at all. The base was located there by treaty, leased from the Ukraine government until 2042.9 The political situation in Crimea was decided by a popular referendum, democratically voted on by the people who live in the province, who overwhelmingly and unquestionably voted to secede from the illegitimate Kyiv coup d’etat regime that overthrew the democratically elected Yanukovych government in February of 2014. Results of this Crimean referendum vary from “96.77%” in favor of secession at Russia Today10, to the Kyiv Post conceding that “93 percent of Crimeans voted to join Russia, and street celebrations under way.”11 The obvious meaning of this referendum, that democracy was working, soon washed away and tales of “invasion” on Russia’s part became the main western propaganda narrative that European and American citizens would hear about on their televisions.

John Kerry took point in preemptively denouncing the Crimean exercise in democracy when he issued threats to Russia on March 13th.12 He also claimed that, “There is no justification, no legality to this referendum that is taking place.” This was from the man who recognized the violent Kyiv street mobs as the legitimate government of the entire nation of Ukraine after they seized power through chaos, Molotov cocktails, firearms and wounding upward of “500” police.13 Kerry’s boss, Barack Obama, even went to the absurd length of calling the Nuland/Yatsenyuk coup d’etat government “duly elected.”14

In response to the US claim of illegality, Russian president Vladimir Putin responded directly:

“Moreover, the Crimean authorities referred to the well-known Kosovo precedent — a precedent our western colleagues created with their own hands in a very similar situation, when they agreed that the unilateral separation of Kosovo from Serbia, exactly what Crimea is doing now, was legitimate and did not require any permission from the country’s central authorities. Pursuant to Article 2, Chapter 1 of the United Nations Charter, the UN International Court agreed with this approach and made the following comment in its ruling of July 22, 2010, and I quote: ‘No general prohibition may be inferred from the practice of the Security Council with regard to declarations of independence,’ and ‘General international law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence.’ Crystal clear, as they say.”15

One wonders if Kerry and Obama would have held the democratic aspirations of the people of Scotland in similar regard, and whether Edinburgh would currently be bombed with artillery and aerial assaults had that nation voted slightly differently this past August. The prize for the most shrill hysteria over Crimea, though, should go to Hillary Clinton: “It’s what Hitler did back in the 30s.”16

The political transition in Crimea was the most peaceful of all major recent political events in Ukraine, not exactly the stuff of military “invasions.” While Right Sector, Svoboda, UNA and SNA neo-nazi/fascist elements violently stormed Kyiv’s government buildings in a hail of firebombs, gunfire and berserk mob violence this February, and Kyiv’s later military assaults on Donetsk and Luhansk have killed thousands of civilians to date, the events in Crimea were an example of actual peaceful democracy in action. And so of course the State Department vehemently opposed it.

Political support for the Yanukovych presidency was based primarily in the east,17 and so this divide between eastern and western Ukraine reflects deep longstanding ethnic divisions. These have since been exploited by the Maidan coup coalition. This cultural division was noted for decades, even rising to the level of a civilizational dividing line in Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations, separating, “the more Catholic western Ukraine from Orthodox eastern Ukraine.”18

The primary spoken language in the eastern provinces, notably in the Donbass region of Luhansk and Donetsk, is Russian. When the junta deposed president Yanukovych one of their first legal acts was to outlaw Russian as an official language.19 Russian is spoken by “40%” of Ukrainians.20 “‘This makes Russian-speakers feel like second-class citizens,’ [said] Ruslan Bortnik, vice chairman of Russian-Speaking Ukraine, an advocacy group.”21 Further, with the onslaught of fascist street violence in Kyiv, a Rand Corporation analyst explained that the Ukrainian language law was, “perceived as taking away rights enjoyed by the Russian-speaking population, and potentially a sign that there might be growing discrimination against them.”22 The barbarism and anti-democratic nature of this new junta23 prompted a strong reaction by eastern Ukrainian citizens whose spoken language and heritage are, of course, Russian.

But in order to ascertain how this conflict became the most dangerous flashpoint on earth, pitting heavily nuclear-armed states against one another, we need to put the horse back in front of the cart and go backward in time. Eight-term former US Congressman, Dennis Kucinich (D-OH) lectured right-wing pundit Bill O’Reilly on Ukraine, with a particularly cogent jab: “Bill O’Reilly, if you don’t believe in cause and effect, I don’t know what I can do for you.”24 Kucinich went on to call out CIA, State Department, USAID and particularly the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) for meddling in Ukraine’s internal politics. This was of no interest to the show’s host, O’Reilly, who repeatedly attempted to turn the focus back toward Vladimir Putin. Asking Kucinich, a former presidential candidate, what he would do as US president in this current situation, Kucinich answered,

“What I’d do is not have USAID and the National Endowment for Democracy working with U.S. taxpayers’ money to knock off an elected government in Ukraine, which is what they did. I wouldn’t try to force the people of Ukraine into a deal with NATO against their interest or into a deal with the European Union, which is against their economic interest.”25

Before O’Reilly cut off the exchange, Kucinich was able to clearly mention “sixty-five programs” in Ukraine, “supported by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).” This is not an aberration but has been standard procedure since the fall of the Soviet Union to meddle in the internal politics of the former Soviet republics and to install regimes friendly to US business interests and to NATO military base expansion. Culminating, in Ukraine itself, in the 2004 so-called “Orange Revolution,” the UK Guardian reported a “US campaign behind the turmoil in Kiev.” Official US admissions put the total money spent to install Yushchenko as president at “around $14m.” Foreign money entered the Ukrainian political scene via the “Democratic party’s National Democratic Institute, the Republican party’s International Republican Institute, the US state department and USAid… Freedom House NGO and billionaire George Soros’s open society institute.”26

Moving ahead to 2013, it was not Vladimir Putin on the streets of Ukraine handing out snacks and meeting with coup plotters against the democratically elected Yanukovych government, but one Victoria Nuland, the current Assistant Secretary of State in the Obama administration.27 Nuland was repeatedly photographed with the coup plotters including the head of the ultra-right Svoboda Party, Oleh Tyahnybok, UDAR party head Klitschko and the currently installed junta Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk.28

Oleh Tyahnybok, and his neo-fascist Svoboda party, were flagged by the European Parliament in 2012, which warned that, “racist, anti-Semitic and xenophobic views go against the EU’s fundamental values and principles and therefore appeals to pro-democratic parties in the [Ukrainian] Verkhovna Rada not to associate with, endorse or form coalitions with this party.”29

Victoria Nuland made international headlines with her “Fuck the EU” quip, which indeed served to distract many from the substance of the leaked telephone call between herself and the US ambassador to Ukraine, Geoffrey Pyatt. The call was likely recorded by Russian intelligence on an open phone line. The exchange begins with Pyatt announcing, “I think we’re in play.”

“Nuland: I think Yats is the guy who’s got the economic experience, the governing experience. He’s the… what he needs is Klitsch and Tyahnybok on the outside. He needs to be talking to them four times a week, you know. I just think Klitsch going in… he’s going to be at that level working for Yatseniuk, it’s just not going to work.”30

So the Assistant Secretary of State of the United States was revealed choosing who would serve and who would not serve in a new Ukrainian junta, after deposing the elected president Yanukovych. As “Yats,” Arseniy Yatsenyuk, indeed entered this new junta as Prime Minister, and the scenario played out exactly as the transcript revealed, this conversation is further evidence of US meddling in the internal affairs of Ukraine, a violent breach of state sovereignty it turns out. American and European interference destabilized Ukraine in February of 2014 and created the ongoing crisis.

Victoria Nuland has not been shy about bragging of her efforts to alter the political landscape of Ukraine. In a speech she made on December 13th of 2013 to the US-Ukraine Foundation, standing in front of a Chevron logo no less, Nuland bragged of spending “$5 billion” of US taxpayers’ money in total, “as we take Ukraine into the future it deserves.”31

One might legitimately ask what she meant, with that “future” now able to be assessed in the world’s headlines each day: civil war, mass murders, atrocities, bombings, disappearances, Neo-Nazi ascendancy, destabilization, economic bankruptcy.32 Did Ukraine “deserve” such a future?

Events in Ukraine took a very nasty turn after Pyatt and Nuland’s machinations became “in play” in February of 2014. While western audiences were treated to a propaganda video entitled, I am a Ukrainian,33 this so-called “viral” video was actually executive-produced by Larry Diamond and “A Whisper to a Roar.”34 Diamond is connected to the National Endowment for Democracy as well as to the US State Department. “Larry Diamond is the founding co-editor of the Journal of Democracy and the co-chair of the Research Council of the International Forum for Democratic Studies of the National Endowment for Democracy.”35 The NED receives nearly its entire budget from US government grants, $134.9m in 2011 alone.36 It is a tool of regime change with a long history of interfering in foreign elections and even thwarting democracy abroad as in this case. It is described by journalist Robert Parry as a “$100 million U.S. government-financed slush fund that generally supports a neocon agenda.”37

Diamond’s propaganda video omitted the role of firebombings38 and countless acts of political violence during the Maidan revolution in its one-sided carefully constructed narrative. On February 20th of 2014 the Ukrainian government said that “More than 500 law enforcers have been injured since the start of violent clashes on Tuesday, 108 of them were shot, and 63 are in a serious condition.”39 In fact the violent actions of Right Sector, Svoboda and the other ultra-nationalists40 would obviously be considered terrorism by western leaders had they taken place in any other western capital city. The double standard was quite glaring, to some.

Ukraine came under hard economic times in 2013, and predictably responded with dissatisfaction and discontent among the electorate. This political environment was cynically exploited when the European Union issued the Yanukovych government an ultimatum.41 The EU’s trade offer demanded that Ukraine cut off trade with Russia to its east. The Russians made no similar ultimatum, and Ukraine found itself stuck in the middle of a trade war with a significant amount of trade with Russia at stake. Yanukovych declined the ultimatum, and that is when extra-constitutional means were unleashed to depose his government. The Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister explained:

“The government based itself on exclusively national interests, the interests of protecting employment, increasing the economic stability of the government and boosting productive potential… Ukraine had given up hopes of receiving International Monetary Fund credits as Kiev was unwilling to comply with demands to hike prices for household utilities by 40 percent.”42

The Yanukovych government made the best decision it could given the ultimatum, and so outside forces, circling like vultures, turned their focus toward destabilizing mob violence in order to change the situation on the ground, which did change. Yanukovych fell in late February.

The world’s press turned against him when snipers picked off a number of protesting rioters, and these deaths were naturally attributed to Yanukovych without the need for actual evidence of his guilt. The New York Times has led the propaganda from Ukraine, declaring on February 20th, “Ukraine’s Forces Escalate Attacks Against Protesters.”43 All killings are naturally attributed to the Yanukovych government, by now clearly the official US enemy du jour. Dozens of protesters were indeed killed by sniper fire on the 20th, but this fire originated from buildings controlled by the protesters themselves.

Specifically the Hotel Ukraina was where snipers fired for a long period of time down on advancing protesters. A German investigation showed that the hotel was occupied by Maidan forces, not the government.44 Eyewitnesses from the day confirmed what another leaked diplomatic call had revealed. The forensic evidence surprised the Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet and the European Union Foreign Affairs chief CathyAshton:

“PAET: …evidence shows that people who were killed by snipers from both sides, among policemen and people from the streets, that they were the same snipers killing people from both sides… So there is a stronger and stronger understanding that behind snipers it was not Yanukovych, it was somebody from the new coalition.

ASHTON: I think we do want to investigate. I didn’t pick that up, that’s interesting. Gosh.”45

“Gosh” indeed. The head of Ukraine’s security under Yanukovych, Aleksandr Yakimenko, has called the snipers “mercenaries,”46 which they indeed may have been seeing how the investigation of same has been an obvious cover-up.47

Upon the government’s collapse, the extreme right took over crucial government positions, as Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting described:

“The new deputy prime minister, Oleksandr Sych, is from Svoboda; National Security Secretary Andriy Parubiy is a co-founder of the neo-Nazi Social-National Party, Svoboda’s earlier incarnation; the deputy secretary for National Security is Dmytro Yarosh, the head of Right Sector. Chief prosecutor Oleh Makhnitsky is another Svoboda member, as are the ministers for Agriculture and Ecology. In short, if the prospect of fascists taking power again in Europe worries you, you should be very worried about Ukraine.”48

Even Voice of America mentioned Right Sector fascists being legitimized and recruited into the “new” National Guard of Ukraine.49 Uncharacteristically, for the US propaganda outlet, the report included the concerns of the residents of the east. “These people are terrorists. They should be in court, not given guns,” and “several said the National Guard was an illegal formation set up by a government that had usurped power by force.”

All true, but this didn’t stop the Obama administration from sending another $19 million of US taxpayer money to arm and train the Right Sector National Guard50 and another $8 million for a Ukraine border security force.51 Additionally, the California National Guard was shipped to Ukraine to train these same neo-nazi fighters, in a move that should cause some concern to the American public, whose last experiences with Naziism played out somewhat differently. The CIA’s relationship with Nazis, post WW2 however, was much more cozy.52 The US employment of “1,000” German Nazis was indeed reported by the NY Times — fifty years late — and long after the news could have any real world impact.

Some news coverage has concerned the Ukrainian “Azov Battalion,” due to its many recent atrocities.53 This group is headed by a zealous neo-nazi named Andriy Biletsky. The insignia of the battalion is a German SS symbol, and swastikas are common in the unit. Biletsky has said, “The historic mission of our nation in this critical moment is to lead the White Races of the world in a final crusade for their survival… a crusade against the Semite-led Untermenschen.”54

The Untermenschen or “sub-human” meme, once very popular in the Third Reich, was also included in one of Arseniy Yatsenyuk’s speeches. The junta’s Prime Minister said,

“They lost their lives because they defended men and women, children and the elderly who found themselves in a situation facing a threat to be killed by invaders and sponsored by them subhumans. First, we will commemorate the heroes by wiping out those who killed them and then by cleaning our land from the evil.”55 (emphasis added)

Such incitement to genocide did not go unnoticed by the residents of the east nor by the Russians. The conflict turned murderous on May 2nd of 2014 in Odessa. The NY Times coverage made no attempt to place the blame for the dozens of killings nor even on whom had started the fires in the trade union hall.56 The BBC blatantly mis-attributed photographs of police provocateurs, labeling them “pro-Russian activists” without any legitimate investigation.57 Western news universally got the story wrong, uncurious as to who specifically started the violence and how they were able to brandish firearms while intermingling with the police as well as hiding behind a wall of officers.58

But numerous photographs and video evidence of the street battles and mass murder spree of May 2nd are available online for the more curious readers. Central to the violence was a group of about thirty plain-clothed individuals seen coordinating with the local police commander, identified as “deputy commander Dmitry Fucheji,” an agent of the Ukraine Interior Ministry.59 This group is distinct and identifiable due to the red electrical tape armbands they all wore that day. Russian news, of course, did not fail to notice the coordinated provocation, where these individuals with red electrical tape arm bands attacked the visiting Football crowd with firearms from behind a wall of police, thus initiating the violence.60 Victims — actual pro-Russian separatist protesters camped out at the trade union building — were later murdered inside the union hall by gunshots, stabbings and strangulation. Their bodies were burned to hide evidence of this terrorism.61

The NY Times has been particularly egregious in promoting Kyiv’s questionable propaganda, often on the front page. On April 14th Obama’s white house admitted that the CIA was advising the Kyiv junta.62 By April 20th, the Times had photos allegedly showing Russian military officers operating in Ukraine. Suspicious photographs of rebel fighters appeared, only to be retracted two days later.63 The photographer was contacted, and his images were used without permission; these were taken inside Ukraine, not in Russia as fraudulently claimed by the Kyiv intelligence. The Times’ web page of that story makes no mention of the retraction to this day and still functions as live propaganda.64 The photos were, as expected, “endorsed by the Obama administration.” The retraction, which appeared on page “A9” and nowhere near the front page, all but conceded the entire story was an outright fraud. The Times’ fealty to the Obama administration was strikingly obvious as the editors backpedaled over each individual photograph. For example: “But the dispute over the group photograph cast a cloud over one particularly vivid and highly publicized piece of evidence.” They did not mean “evidence” of official fraud and war propaganda, but the photos equally served to expose those purposes as well.

Even National Geographic was fear mongering that Vladimir Putin would “invade” Ukraine65 as of May 2nd as dozens of peaceful ethnic Russian protesters were massacred by extreme right fascist rioters in Odessa. The impression in western media was that the events in Ukraine were somehow, vaguely orchestrated by the Russians, without any actual evidence of such required. Putin, who clearly had no desire to “invade” Donbass, responded on May 7th by asking that the independence referendum be postponed as well as by pulling Russian troops back away from the border in an effort to defuse tensions.66 This is hardly the hallmark of a resurgent “empire,” a bogus claim that continues to live on. The Donetsk and Luhansk Ukrainian separatists ignored Putin’s warnings and held the referenda anyway, even though Russia’s military protection was now in question.

On May 11th the two provinces voted overwhelmingly for independence, not to join the Russian federation. These autonomy votes signaled a breaking away from the illegitimate coup d’etat regime of Kyiv, not of a Russian-orchestrated territory annexation. The Kyiv junta’s response to the democratic process was to fire mortars and gunshots at Slavyansk on the eve the of the vote.67 The people of the two regions were undeterred though. Donetsk voted “89.07%” for independence and Luhansk “96.2%.”68

The invasion came swiftly, not from Russia though, but from the Ukraine military units, many of them now staffed by neo-nazi fanatics and directed by the unabashed neo-nazi head of Right Sector: Dmytro Yarosh. Punitive military actions against the populations of Donetsk and Luhansk included artillery bombings, fire bombing, aerial bombs, small arms fire, kidnappings, and torture. The UN totals as of September 16th, and already outdated, were that 3,517 were killed and almost 9,000 wounded.69

As for Russia’s alleged “invasion” of Ukraine this must go down in the books as the oddest military incursion in history. Rather than moving infantry, tanks, rocket launchers and aircraft into the allegedly occupied territory, Russia has remained within its own border. Such an odd “invasion” when the two Russian-friendly provinces could easily have been taken and secured within a day, in the real world, the one seldom seen in US op-ed pages. Instead Putin’s Russia has respected the referenda of the people of the two provinces and has not attempted to annex the territory.

Beyond mischaracterizations and beyond misattribution, the big one, the Big Lie to date of the Ukraine disaster has been the western news coverage of the shooting down of the Malaysian passenger plane, MH-17. News services could be expected to be taken in by a staged provocation, but the refusal to investigate nor to present all of the evidence, including evidence of Kyiv’s glaring fraud and continued lies rises to the level of deliberate, knowing propaganda.

Two very different accounts of the commercial plane’s shoot down have been presented to the world, while most western audiences have only heard one of these scenarios, the weaker one from the Kyiv junta (and partners). However, the scenario with the evidence to back it up was presented by the Russian military immediately after the crash of MH-17, and it directly refutes and debunks some of Kyiv’s claims.70

Russia showed in reconnaissance photos that the Kyiv government forces had recently placed several BUK M1 surface to air missile launchers at the edge of the separatist-controlled area, even though their separatist opponents had no planes at all.

Additionally, two radar monitoring stations in Russia recorded a fighter plane, presumed to be model SU-25, rapidly approach and intercept the airliner at a distance of “3 to 5 kilometers,” well within range to engage and shoot down the defenseless commercial jet. Eyewitnesses on the ground confirmed the presence of a fighter jet flying beside and beneath the exploding airliner. BBC censored a video report from its own Ukraine correspondent, Olga Ivshina, showing local eyewitnesses confirming the military jet: “‘And there was another aircraft, a military one, beside it [the Malaysian plane]. Everybody saw it’ … A second witness to the crash said, ‘It was flying under it [the Malaysian plane], we could see it. It was going underneath the civilian one.’”71 Kyiv junta officials have therefore directly lied about the presence of this military aircraft right up to the office and person of President Poroshenko.72

Forensic evidence of the airliner showed numerous holes consistent with the 30mm nose cannon of an SU-25, which the Russians tested for comparison sake.73 The first Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) monitor on the scene, Canadian Michael Bociurkiw, confirmed the damage pattern of “almost machine-gun like holes.”74 The Russian Union of Engineers presented a case that the Malaysian jet was first attacked at the cockpit with cannon fire, killing the pilots and preventing them from radioing what was happening.75 The SU-25 can carry air to air missiles capable of finishing off the civilian plane, and within 5km, the capability is “guaranteed.”76

Kyiv responded to the MH-17 disaster by repeatedly shelling the crash site, in an apparent effort to destroy or taint evidence and to dissuade investigators.

“There is no access to the site. A battle is raging on two kilometers from the site, with a Ukrainian unit fighting right on the debris of the plane,” said Andrei Purgin, First Deputy Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic. Mr. Purgin accused the government in Kiev of deliberately attacking and shelling the crash site to destroy all the evidence and prevent a thorough investigation.”77

The Russians directly confronted US claims that they had satellite evidence establishing the cause of the Malaysian shoot down.78 The alleged satellite photographs from the US have never been shown, and instead remain unsubstantiated insinuations.

The lead investigator of the MH-17 disaster, Dutch official Fred Westerbeke has vocally complained that the so-called “evidence” talked about in the media has not been given to his investigation. Insinuating a cover-up, Westerbeke said, “We are not certain whether we already have everything or if there are more — information that is possibly even more specific. In any case, what we do have is insufficient for drawing any conclusions.” Westerbeke has refused to rule out the Russian scenario, as of October 27th.79

What sold the idea, to the western public, that the separatist rebels shot down the Malaysian airliner was apparently a PSYOP, a military false-information ploy that turns out to be a crude audio forgery. Of course it is posted to the NY Times website,80 and the audio clip was presented uncritically to the world without the proper expert analysis to determine if it was indeed genuine or not. The local rebel commander can be heard saying, “We have just shot down a plane.” This sounds convincing, on its face, even to other separatist fighters who believed it to be true on July 17th.

Only, the commander, Igor Bezler explained that the recorded conversation was “about a Ukrainian attack aircraft shot down by the militia above Yenakiyevo a day before the Malaysian airliner crash.” Indeed an SU-25 was reported shot down on July 16th, while the Kyiv junta tried to blame this event on Russian military aircraft without providing any supporting evidence.81

Expert audio analysis of the alleged “intercepts” concluded that “it was made up of numerous unrelated recordings.”82 A Russian team of experts led by Nikolai Popov found, “This audio recording is not an integral file and is made up of several fragments.”

…three audio fragments, in which … Igor Bezler talks about a plane shot down by the fighters, does not say anything about the type of the plane… the town of Yenakiyevo is clearly heard in the tape. However, the town is located about 100 km (60 miles) from the settlement of Snezhnoye where the Malaysian Boeing-777 airliner crashed. The tape’s second fragment consists of three pieces but was presented as a single audio recording… spectral and time analysis has showed that the dialog was cut into pieces and then assembled. Short pauses in the tape are very indicative: the audio file has preserved time marks which show that the dialog was assembled from various episodes.

This challenge to the evidence has been on the table since July, and yet has gone unanswered by western media and intelligence, as if it is unimportant to prove responsibility for the crash. The lead investigator, Westerbeke, commented, “But if we in fact do want to try the perpetrators in court, then we will need evidence and more than a recorded phone call from the Internet or photos from the crash site.” His investigation has found the evidence less than compelling, and the case remains open.

Supporting the thesis of this paper, Westerbeke also commented on the low quality of the news coverage: “If you read the newspapers, though, they suggest it has always been obvious what happened to the airplane and who is responsible.” His own investigation, to its credit, has jumped to no such speculative conclusions.

In the end the Ukraine skirmish is as much about an economic and political attack on rival Russia as it is about expanding NATO toward Russia’s borders and securing the resource-rich coal and gas fields of Donbass for western corporations such as Chevron and Royal Dutch Shell.83 It is certainly not about democracy, as the installing of fascist parties in Kyiv and the denouncing of actual democratic elections in the disputed provinces demonstrate. Building up Vladimir Putin into some boogeyman serves to frighten the tiny eastern European republics, thus increasing the likelihood of their also joining NATO and clamoring for protection from the big bad Russians. That the entire conflict was cooked up by western schemers, who dangled tens of billions of dollars in front of the neo-nazi Ukrainian coup leaders,84 seems to have been overlooked by many. The western “free” press has discredited itself time and again by hiding numerous inconvenient facts from readers and unleashing a storm of anti-Russian propaganda that bears little resemblance to the facts on the ground.

Of course numerous Russian individuals have flocked to help defend the two breakaway provinces from Kyiv’s military assault. Just as citizens of “Ireland, Italy, Greece and Scandinavia” have flocked to the white supremacist Azov Battalion85 to wage all-out war on the Donbass. More than one million refugees have fled from this brutal onslaught initiated by Kyiv. More than 800,000 escaped to Russia86 after the genocidal pronouncements of Kyiv junta officials, who speak of “subhumans” and extermination campaigns. The defense of the region has given Vladimir Putin and the Russian state ample cause to consider the western-concocted principle of a “Responsibility to Protect.”

#

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Kartapolova, Andrei and Makusheva,Igor, “Пресс-конференция представителей минобороны России по крушению Boeing-777”, Russia Today via Youtube, July 21, 2014.

Keneally,Meghan, “Hillary Clinton compares Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to ‘what Hitler did back in the 30s’ ahead of WWII”, Daily Mail UK, March 5, 2014.

“Kiev # Evromaydan Spetsnaz Berkut forests”, posted by Just Video, January 22, 2014, Youtube video.

Kirby, John, “Department Defense Press Briefing by Admiral Kirby in the Pentagon Briefing Room”, Transcript, US Dept. of Defense, August 1, 2014.

Kolyandr, Alexander, “Experts Will Try to Reach MH17 Crash Site Monday”, Wall Street Journal, July 27, 2014.

Kurtz, Walter. “Ukraine Is On The Brink Of Total Economic Collapse“, Business Insider, September 21, 2014.

Kramer, Andrew and Higgins, Andres,“Ukraine’s Forces Escalate Attacks Against Protesters”, NY Times, Feb. 20, 2014.

Kyiv Post, “Declaring victory, Crimean and Russian officials pledge fast integration”, March 17, 2014.

LA Times, Victoria Butenko and Sergei Loiko, “Ukraine says Russia shot down military plane; Moscow attacks sanctions “, July 17, 2014.

Leurs, Rainer “Chief MH17 Investigator on German Claims: ‘We Will Need Evidence’”, Der Spiegel, October 27, 2014.

Lichtblau, Eric, “In Cold War, U.S. Spy Agencies Used 1,000 Nazis“, NY Times, Oct. 26, 2014.

Live Journal of ersieesist, “How the thugs killed Odessa inhabitants in the Trade Unions House — the details of bloody scenario”, May 6, 2014.

MacAskill, Ewan, “Ukraine crisis: bugged call reveals conspiracy theory about Kiev snipers” UK Guardian, March 5, 2014.

Moulay Hicham Foundation website. “Whisper to a Roar”, Film Brief.

National Endowment for Democracy website. “Larry Diamond,” web.

National Endowment for Democracy website. “Report of Independent Auditors, The Board of Directors National Endowment for Democracy”, September 30, 2011, web.

Naureckas, Jim, “Denying the Far-Right Role in the Ukrainian Revolution”, Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, March 7, 2014.

Nuland, Victoria. “Victoria Nuland: Ukrainians Deserve For Respect From Their Government,” Ukraine in Washington: US-Ukraine Foundation, via Youtube, December 18, 2013.

Oriental Review, “Genocide in Novorossia and swan song of Ukrainian statehood“, May 6, 2014.

Parfit, Tom, “Ukraine crisis: the neo-Nazi brigade fighting pro-Russian separatists” UK Telegraph, August 11, 2014.

Parry, Robert. “A Shadow US Foreign Policy”, Consortium News, February 27, 2014.

Pchelkin, Pavel, “2014 Odessa Massacre was caused by a provocation“, Channel One Russia via Youtube, posted by Andre Fomine, May 9, 2014.

Pravda. “OFFICIAL ELECTION RESULTS 2010 FIRST ROUND,” map, web, January 18, 2010.

Putin, Vladimir, “Address by President of the Russian Federation,” The Kremlin Moscow, March 18, 2014.

Reuters, “More than 1 million Ukrainians displaced by conflict: UNHCR”, Sep. 2, 2014.

Reuters. “Ukraine says not investigating bugging of U.S. diplomats phone talk”, February 8, 2014, web.

Reuters via Huffington Post,“CIA Director John Brennan Visits Ukraine Amid Crisis”, April 14, 2014.

Reuters via Voice of America, “Ukraine’s New Force Seeks to Harness ‘Maidan’ Spirit”, March 19, 2014.

RIA Novosti, “Ukraine Ditches Plans for EU Deal, Turns to Russia,” Nov. 21, 2013.

“Russia Thumbing It’s Nose at the World — Leslie Marshall on Bill O’Reilly’s ‘The Factor’ 3/4/14”, posted by Leslie Marshall, Fox News, via Youtube, posted March 5, 2014.

Russia Today, “California and Ukraine National Guard gear up for military collaboration in 2015”, August 2, 2014.

Russia Today. “Canceled language law in Ukraine sparks concern among Russian and EU diplomats”, February 27, 2014.

Russia Today, “Censorship or error? Internet criticism for BBC removal of MH17 report”, July 25, 2014.

Russia Today. “Crimea declares independence, seeks UN recognition,” March 17, 2014.

Russia Today,“Gunshots, explosions as fighting resumes near Ukraine’s Slavyansk”, May 10, 2014.

Russia Today. “Kiev allows police to use firearms, demands armed rioters lay down weapons”, February 20, 2014.

Russia Today, “​Mercenaries took part in Maidan violence — Ex-Ukraine security chief“, March 13, 2014.

Russia Today, “MH-17: the untold story“, video, Oct. 27, 2014.

Russia Today, “Referendum results in Donetsk and Lugansk Regions show landslide support for self-rule”, May 11, 2014.

Russia Today, “What does the Ukraine, Goldman Sachs, Stratfor, Popovic and CANVAS have in common?“, posted March 5, 2014, by Adept Yogi, via Youtube.

Saul, Heather, “Ukraine crisis: Putin calls on separatists to postpone Donetsk referendum and claims Russia is withdrawing troops from border“, The Independent UK, May 7, 2014

Sharkov, Damien, “Ukrainian Nationalist Volunteers Committing ‘ISIS-Style’ War Crimes”, Newsweek, September 10, 2014.

Simkin, John. “Operation Mockingbird”, Spartacus Educational, website.

Smale, Alison and Kramer, Andrew, “Ukraine Presses Pro-Russia Militants After Fighting Spreads to a Port City“, NY Times, May 3, 2014.

Smith,Kyle, “Ex-CBS Reporter’s book reveals how liberal media protects Obama,” New York Post, Oct. 25, 2014.

Somin, Ilya. “The Volokh Conspiracy, Don’t forget about Russia’s invasion and occupation of Crimea”, Washington Post, August 28, 2014.

Stecklow, Steve and Akymenko, Oleksandr,“Special Report: Flaws found in Ukraine’s probe of Maidan massacre“, Reuters, Oct. 10, 2014.

Tavernise, Sabrina and Schmitt, Eric and Gladstone, Rick, “Jetliner Explodes Over Ukraine; Struck by Missile, Officials Say, Audio of Intercepted Calls of Separatists“, New York Times, audio, updated July 18, 2014.

Tharoor, Ishaan. “MAP: Russia’s expanding empire in Ukraine and elsewhere”, The Washington Post, September 5, 2014.

Traynor, Ian. “US campaign behind the turmoil in Kiev”, UK Guadian, November 25, 2004.

Trent, Rob, “Obama Calls Coup Government in Kiev ‘Duly Elected’”, via Youtube, May 2, 2014.

Ulfkotte, Udo. Gekaufte Journalisten, September 11, 2014, Kopp Verlag, Amazon.de.

United Nations, “Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine,” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, September 16, 2014.

“Victoria Nuland (Mrs. Robert Kagan), Assistant Secretary State of Ukraine”, Youtube video, posted by Salix 800, February 2, 2014.

Yatsenyuk, Arseniy, “Ukraine’s Prime Minister Yatsenyuk: We will commemorate the heroes by cleaning our land from the evil” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, via The Wayback Machine, Archive.org, June 15, 2014.

Yuhas, Alan and Jalabi, Raya. “Ukraine crisis: why Russia sees Crimea as its naval stronghold,” The Guardian, March 7, 2014.

#

1Udo Ulfkotte, Gekaufte Journalisten, September 11, 2014, Kopp Verlag, web. Amazon.de. http://www.amazon.de/Gekaufte-Journalisten-Udo-Ulfkotte/dp/3864451434/ref=zg_bs_books_14/278-2051721-3685625

2Gallup, “Trust in Mass Media Returns to All-Time Low”, September 17, 2014, http://www.gallup.com/poll/176042/trust-mass-media-returns-time-low.aspx

3John Simkin, “Operation Mockingbird”, Spartacus Educational, http://spartacus-educational.com/JFKmockingbird.htm

4Hugh Wilford, The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America, Harvard University Press January 15, 2008, web. Amazon, http://www.amazon.com/The-Mighty-Wurlitzer-Played-America/dp/0674026810

5“The information war for Ukraine” — Satirical German program “Die Anstalt” (Eng Subs), posted by GWTZ News, Sep 25, 2014, Youtube. http://youtu.be/jSOfQ7tgTLg

6Kyle Smith, “Ex-CBS Reporter’s book reveals how liberal media protects Obama,” New York Post, Oct. 25, 2014, http://nypost.com/2014/10/25/former-cbs-reporter-explains-how-the-liberal-media-protects-obama/

7Ishaan Tharoor, “MAP: Russia’s expanding empire in Ukraine and elsewhere”, Washington Post, September 5, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/09/05/map-russias-expanding-empire-in-ukraine-and-elsewhere/

8Ilya Somin, “The Volokh Conspiracy, Don’t forget about Russia’s invasion and occupation of Crimea”, Washington Post, August 28, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/08/28/Dont-forget-about-Russias-invasion-Crimea/

9Alan Yuhas and Raya Jalabi, “Ukraine crisis: why Russia sees Crimea as its naval stronghold,” The Guardian, March 7, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/07/ukraine-russia-crimea-naval-base-tatars-explainer

10 “Crimea declares independence, seeks UN recognition,” Russia Today, March 17, 2014, http://rt.com/news/crimea-referendum-results-official-250/

11“Declaring victory, Crimean and Russian officials pledge fast integration”, Kyiv Post, March 17, 2014, http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/voting-in-crimean-referendum-starts-even-as-ukraine-government-declares-it-illegitimate-339523.html

12Susan Crabtree, “John Kerry: Russia has until Monday to reverse course in Ukraine“, Washington Examiner, March 13, 2014, http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/john-kerry-russia-has-until-monday-to-reverse-course-in-ukraine/article/2545610

13“Kiev allows police to use firearms, demands armed rioters lay down weapons”, Russia Today, February 20, 2014, http://rt.com/news/ukraine-kiev-firearms-weapons-police-934/

14Rob Trent, “Obama Calls Coup Government in Kiev ‘Duly Elected’”, via Youtube, May 2, 2014, http://youtu.be/_2IAw1TwyhA

15Vladimir Putin, “Address by President of the Russian Federation,” The Kremlin Moscow, March 18, 2014, http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/6889

16Meghan Keneally “Hillary Clinton compares Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to ‘what Hitler did back in the 30s’ ahead of WWII”, Daily Mail UK, March 5, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2573810/Hillary-Clinton-compares-Russias-invasion-Ukraine-Hitler-did-30s-ahead-WWII.html#ixzz3Hh4Udw5g

17“OFFICIAL ELECTION RESULTS 2010 FIRST ROUND,“ map, Pravda, January 18, 2010, http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2010/01/18/4630133/

18Samuel P. Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations,” Foreign Affairs, Summer 1993.

19“Canceled language law in Ukraine sparks concern among Russian and EU diplomats”, Russia Today, February 27, 2014, http://rt.com/news/minority-language-law-ukraine-035/

20Ibid.

21Palash Ghosh,“Watch Your Tongue: Language Controversy One Of Fundamental Conflicts In Ukraine“, International Business Times, March 3, 2014, http://www.ibtimes.com/watch-your-tongue-language-controversy-one-fundamental-conflicts-ukraine-1559069

22Ibid.

23Matt Blake, “Fears of neo-fascist uprising in Ukraine as far-right group storms Kiev parliament and ex-president calls for independence vote”, UK Daily Mail, March 28, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2591624/Fears-neo-fascist-uprising-Ukraine-far-right-group-storms-Kiev-parliament-ex-president-calls-independence-vote.html

24 “Russia Thumbing It’s Nose at the World — Leslie Marshall on Bill O’Reilly’s ‘The Factor’ 3/4/14”, posted by Leslie Marshall, Fox News, via Youtube, posted March 5, 2014, http://youtu.be/Bwn_NWqSj5w

25Ibid.

26Ian Traynor, “US campaign behind the turmoil in Kiev”, UK Guadian, November 25, 2004, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/nov/26/ukraine.usa

27 “Victoria Nuland (Mrs. Robert Kagan), Assistant Secretary State of Ukraine”, Youtube video, posted by Salix 800, February 2, 2014, http://youtu.be/SVs2tcSyyuA

28 “Ukraine says not investigating bugging of U.S. diplomats phone talk”, Reuters, February 8, 2014, http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/02/08/ukraine-call-idINDEEA1704520140208

29“European Parliament resolution of 13 December 2012 on the situation in Ukraine,” The European Parliament, Dec. 13, 2012, Official Website, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P7-TA-2012-0507+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN

30 “Ukraine crisis: Transcript of leaked Nuland-Pyatt call”, BBC News, February 7, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26079957

31 Victoria Nuland, “Victoria Nuland: Ukrainians Deserve For Respect From Their Government,” Ukraine in Washington: US-Ukraine Foundation, via Youtube, December 18, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y0y-JUsPTU

32Walter Kurtz, “Ukraine Is On The Brink Of Total Economic Collapse“, Business Insider, September 21, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-is-on-the-brink-of-total-economic-collapse-2014-9

33 “I Am a Ukrainian”, posted by Whisper Roar, Youtube video, February 10, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hvds2AIiWLA

34 “Whisper to a Roar”, Film Brief, Moulay Hicham Foundation, http://awhispertoaroar.com/

35“Larry Diamond”, National Endowment for Democracy website, http://www.ned.org/about/staff/larry-diamond

36 “Report of Independent Auditors, The Board of Directors,” National Endowment for Democracy, September 30, 2011, http://www.ned.org/docs/11annual/NED-2011-Annual-Report-Auditors-Report.pdf

37Robert Parry, “A Shadow US Foreign Policy”, February 27, 2014, Consortium News, http://consortiumnews.com/2014/02/27/a-shadow-us-foreign-policy/

38 “Kiev # Evromaydan Spetsnaz Berkut forests”, posted by Just Video, January 22, 2014, Youtube, http://youtu.be/xISpGw-0Iz0

39 “Kiev allows police to use firearms, demands armed rioters lay down weapons”, Russia Today, February 20, 2014, http://rt.com/news/ukraine-kiev-firearms-weapons-police-934/

40“Flames of hate in Kiev: 25 DEAD as Ukrainian protesters armed with rocks, Molotov cocktails and even crossbows clash with police”, Daily Mail UK, February 18, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2561895/Protesters-clash-police-Ukraines-capital.html

41Stephen Cohen, “We Are Not Beginning a New Cold War, We Are Well Into It: Stephen Cohen on Russia-Ukraine Crisis,“ DemocracyNow, April 18, 2014, Transcript at Truthout.org, http://truth-out.org/news/item/23171-we-are-not-beginning-a-new-cold-war-we-are-well-into-it-stephen-cohen-on-russia-ukraine-crisis

42“Ukraine Ditches Plans for EU Deal, Turns to Russia,” RIA Novosti, Nov. 21, 2013, http://en.ria.ru/russia/20131121/184845623/Ukraine-Rejects-Laws-to-Free-Tymoshenko-Jeopardises-EU-Deal.html

43Andrew Kramer and Andres Higgins, “Ukraine’s Forces Escalate Attacks Against Protesters”, NY Times, Feb. 20, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/21/world/europe/ukraine.html?_r=0

44“New Evidence on Maidan Protest”, ARD International, April 10, 2014, http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Fausland%2Fmaidan-schuesse102.html&sandbox=1

45Ewan MacAskill, “Ukraine crisis: bugged call reveals conspiracy theory about Kiev snipers” UK Guardian, March 5, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/05/ukraine-bugged-call-catherine-ashton-urmas-paet

46“​Mercenaries took part in Maidan violence — Ex-Ukraine security chief“, Russia Today, March 13, 2014, http://rt.com/op-edge/mercenaries-at-maidan-ukraine-558/

47Steve Stecklow and Oleksandr Akymenko, “Special Report: Flaws found in Ukraine’s probe of Maidan massacre“, Reuters, Oct. 10, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-ukraine-killings-probe-special-report-idUSKCN0HZ0UH20141010?irpc=932

48Jim Naureckas, “Denying the Far-Right Role in the Ukrainian Revolution”, Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, March 7, 2014, http://fair.org/blog/2014/03/07/denying-the-far-right-role-in-the-ukrainian-revolution/

49 “Ukraine’s New Force Seeks to Harness ‘Maidan’ Spirit”, Reuters via Voice of America, March 19, 2014, http://www.voanews.com/content/ukraines-new-force-seeks-to-harness-maidan-spirit/1874685.html

50 Rear Admiral John Kirby, “Department Defense Press Briefing by Admiral Kirby in the Pentagon Briefing Room”, Transcript, US Dept. of Defense, August 1, 2014, http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=5472

51 “California and Ukraine National Guard gear up for military collaboration in 2015”, Russia Today, August 2, 2014, http://rt.com/usa/177520-california-ukraine-obama-military/

52Eric Lichtblau, “In Cold War, U.S. Spy Agencies Used 1,000 Nazis“, NY Times, Oct. 26, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/27/us/in-cold-war-us-spy-agencies-used-1000-nazis.html?_r=1

53Damien Sharkov, “Ukrainian Nationalist Volunteers Committing ‘ISIS-Style’ War Crimes

”, Newsweek, September 10, 2014, http://www.newsweek.com/evidence-war-crimes-committed-ukrainian-nationalist-volunteers-grows-269604

54 Tom Parfit, “Ukraine crisis: the neo-Nazi brigade fighting pro-Russian separatists” UK Telegraph, August 11, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11025137/Ukraine-crisis-the-neo-Nazi-brigade-fighting-pro-Russian-separatists.html

55 Arseniy Yatsenyuk, “Ukraine’s Prime Minister Yatsenyuk: We will commemorate the heroes by cleaning our land from the evil” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, via The Wayback Machine, Archive.org, June 15, 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20140615062948/http://usa.mfa.gov.ua/en/press-center/news/24185-mi-uvichnimo-pamjaty-gerojiv-ochistivshi-nashu-zemlyu-vid-nechistiarsenij-jacenyuk-u-spivchutti-ridnim-i-blizykim-zagiblih-vojiniv-u-lugansyku

56Alison Smale and Andrew Kramer, “Ukraine Presses Pro-Russia Militants After Fighting Spreads to a Port City“, NY Times, May 3, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/04/world/europe/ukraine.html

57“How did Odessa’s fire happen?“, BBC, May 6, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27275383

58“Genocide in Novorossia and swan song of Ukrainian statehood“, Oriental Review, May 6, 2014, http://orientalreview.org/2014/05/06/genocide-in-novorossiya-and-swan-song-of-ukrainian-statehood/

59Ibid.

60Pavel Pchelkin, “2014 Odessa Massacre was caused by a provocation“, Channel One Russia via Youtube, posted by Andre Fomine, May 9, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxRxdF3xp-U

61“How the thugs killed Odessa inhabitants in the Trade Unions House — the details of bloody scenario”, Live Journal of ersieesist, May 6, 2014, http://ersieesist.livejournal.com/813.html

62“CIA Director John Brennan Visits Ukraine Amid Crisis”, Reuters via Huffington Post, April 14, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/14/john-brennan-ukraine_n_5147869.html

63Michael Gordon and Andrew Kramer, “Scrutiny Over Photos Said to Tie Russia Units to Ukraine,” NY Times, April 22, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/23/world/europe/scrutiny-over-photos-said-to-tie-russia-units-to-ukraine.html

64Andrew Higgins and Michael Gordon and Andrew Kramer, “Photos Link Masked Men in East Ukraine to Russia”, The New York Times, April 20, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/world/europe/photos-link-masked-men-in-east-ukraine-to-russia.html?_r=0

65Eve Conant, “Ethnic Russians: Pretext for Putin’s Ukraine Invasion?”, National Geographic, May 2, 2014, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140502-russia-putin-ukraine-geography-crimea-language/

66Heather Saul, “Ukraine crisis: Putin calls on separatists to postpone Donetsk referendum and claims Russia is withdrawing troops from border“, The Independent UK, May 7, 2014, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-crisis-john-kerry-warns-moscow-against-splitting-country-in-two-ahead-of-donetsk-referendum-9331279.html

67“Gunshots, explosions as fighting resumes near Ukraine’s Slavyansk”, Russia Today, May 10, 2014, http://rt.com/news/158132-slavyansk-fire-shooting-referendum/

68“Referendum results in Donetsk and Lugansk Regions show landslide support for self-rule”, Russia Today, May 11, 2014, http://rt.com/news/158276-referendum-results-east-ukraine/

69“Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine,” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, September 16, 2014, http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/OHCHR_sixth_report_on_Ukraine.pdf

70Andrei Kartapolova and Igor Makusheva, “Пресс-конференция представителей минобороны России по крушению Boeing-777”, Russia Today via Youtube, July 21, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSpeo5RcQQo

71 “Censorship or error? Internet criticism for BBC removal of MH17 report”, Russia Today, July 25, 2014, http://rt.com/news/175476-bbc-deleted-report-mh17/

72Natasha Culzac, “Ukraine denies Russian claims war plane was flying alongside Malaysia Airlines MH17“, UK Independent, July 21, 2014, http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/ukraine-denies-russian-claims-war-plane-was-flying-alongside-malaysia-airlines-mh17-30448470.html

73“MH-17: the untold story“, Russia Today, Oct. 27, 2014, video, http://rt.com/shows/documentary/197540-mh-17-crash-ukraine/

74Michael Bociurkiw, “Malaysia Airlines MH17: Michael Bociurkiw talks about being first at the crash site“, CBC, video, July 29, 2014, http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/malaysia-airlines-mh17-michael-bociurkiw-talks-about-being-first-at-the-crash-site-1.2721007

75“MH-17: the untold story“, Russia Today, Oct. 27, 2014, video, http://rt.com/shows/documentary/197540-mh-17-crash-ukraine/

76Andrei Kartapolova and Igor Makusheva, “Пресс-конференция представителей минобороны России по крушению Boeing-777”, Russia Today via Youtube, July 21, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSpeo5RcQQo

77 Alexander Kolyandr, “Experts Will Try to Reach MH17 Crash Site Monday”, Wall Street Journal, July 27, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/articles/group-of-experts-will-try-to-reach-mh17-crash-site-monday-1406499687

78Andrei Kartapolova and Igor Makusheva, “Пресс-конференция представителей минобороны России по крушению Boeing-777”, Russia Today via Youtube, July 21, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSpeo5RcQQo

79Rainer Leurs “Chief MH17 Investigator on German Claims: ‘We Will Need Evidence’”, Der Spiegel, October 27, 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/mh17-chief-investigator-says-no-actionable-evidence-yet-in-probe-a-999485.html

80Sabrina Tavernise and Eric Schmitt and Rick Gladstone, “Jetliner Explodes Over Ukraine; Struck by Missile, Officials Say, Audio of Intercepted Calls of Separatists“, New York Times, audio, updated July 18, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/18/world/europe/malaysian-airlines-plane-ukraine.html?_r=0

81Victoria Butenko and Sergei Loiko, “Ukraine says Russia shot down military plane; Moscow attacks sanctions “, LA Times, July 17, 2014, http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-ukraine-russia-plane-sanctions-20140717-story.html

82 “Kiev’s evidence of militia’s responsibility for airliner crash faked — expert”, ITAR-TASS, July 20, 2014, http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/741521

83Ladka Bauerova and Caroline Hyde, “Ukraine Crisis Forces Shell to Halt Shale Wells in Restive East”, Bloomberg News, June 3, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-03/ukraine-crisis-forces-shell-to-halt-shale-wells-in-restive-east.html

84Ed Adamczyk, “Ukraine to seek bigger IMF bailout“, UPI, October 8, 2014, http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/10/08/Ukraine-to-seek-bigger-IMF-bailout/7611412788291/

85 Tom Parfit, “Ukraine crisis: the neo-Nazi brigade fighting pro-Russian separatists” UK Telegraph, August 11, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11025137/Ukraine-crisis-the-neo-Nazi-brigade-fighting-pro-Russian-separatists.html

86“More than 1 million Ukrainians displaced by conflict: UNHCR”, Reuters, Sep. 2, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/02/us-ukraine-security-displaced-idUSKBN0GX0Y020140902